2026年深外备考城市话题:深圳历史文化底蕴

2026年深外备考城市话题：深圳历史和文化

拒绝文化沙漠叙述，文化绿洲叙述

English

Shenzhen has long been labeled a "cultural desert" due to its reputation as a young immigrant city focused on technology and economy. Many people assume it lacks deep cultural roots or traditional heritage, as it transformed from a small fishing village to a global metropolis in just a few decades. However, this stereotype is far from the truth—Shenzhen is evolving into a vibrant "cultural oasis" that weaves together ancient traditions, historical sites, innovative folk arts, and a thriving modern cultural scene. Let’s explore the hidden cultural gems that make this city far more rich and diverse than its reputation suggests.

中文

长期以来，深圳因作为一座以科技和经济为核心的年轻移民城市，被贴上了 “文化沙漠” 的标签。由于它在短短几十年间从一个小渔村蜕变为国际化大都市，很多人认为它缺乏深厚的文化底蕴和传统遗产。但这一刻板印象与事实相去甚远 —— 深圳正逐渐成为一片充满活力的 “文化绿洲”，这里交织着古老习俗、历史遗迹、创新民俗与蓬勃发展的现代文化场景。让我们一同探寻这座城市中那些鲜为人知的文化瑰宝，它们远比 “文化沙漠” 的刻板印象更为丰富多元。

English

One of Shenzhen’s most precious cultural treasures is the Shatoujiao Yudeng Dance (Fish Lantern Dance), a national intangible cultural heritage with a 300-year history. Brought by the Hakka Wu family during their migration from Fujian to the Shatoujiao area in the early Qing Dynasty, the dance originally served as a ritual for fishermen to pray for safe voyages, abundant catches, and peaceful lives. The traditional fish lanterns, crafted with bamboo frames wrapped in oil paper and lit by candles, were designed to mimic the swimming motions of real fish, creating a mesmerizing effect as dancers moved through dark village streets. Today, the craft has evolved with modern materials—silk fabrics for softer textures and LED lights for safer, brighter illumination—while preserving the dance’s core movements, such as "fish swimming in formation," "leaping waves," and "gathering in the deep." Beyond local festivals like the Lantern Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival, the dance has graced international stages in countries like the United States and Australia, and over 200 young inheritors have been trained through school programs, community workshops, and youth troupes, ensuring this ancient art stays alive in a modern city.

中文

深圳最珍贵的文化瑰宝之一是沙头角鱼灯舞，这是一项拥有三百年历史的国家级非物质文化遗产。该舞蹈由客家吴氏家族在清初从福建迁徙至沙头角地区时传入，最初是渔民祈求出海平安、渔业丰收、生活顺遂的祭祀仪式。传统鱼灯以竹篾为骨、油纸为皮，内部点烛照明，造型逼真，舞者舞动时宛如活鱼穿梭，在夜晚的村落街巷中形成如梦似幻的光影效果。如今，鱼灯制作工艺已融入现代材料 —— 采用绸缎提升质感，用 LED 灯替代蜡烛，既安全又明亮，同时完整保留了 “群鱼结队”“浪里飞跃”“深海聚首” 等核心舞步。除了元宵节、中秋节等传统节庆，鱼灯舞还登上了美国、澳大利亚等国的国际舞台，通过校园传承项目、社区工坊和青少年艺术团，已培育出 200 余名年轻传承人，让这门古老艺术在现代化城市中焕发生机。

English

Another exciting cultural tradition in Shenzhen is Yingge Dance, a dynamic folk art originating from Guangdong with a bold, heroic style often hailed as "China’s war dance." In Guanlan Ancient Market, the Diaolou Yingge Troupe has created a unique fusion by integrating this traditional art with local Hakka watchtowers (diaolou), a architectural symbol of the region’s defensive history. Performers wear vivid, painted facial masks representing heroes from the classic novelWater Margin, wave wooden sticks (yingge bang) in rhythmic unison with thunderous drumbeats, and showcase acrobatic moves like somersaults and formation changes that reflect courage and loyalty. Breaking the traditional gender barrier that once restricted the dance to male performers, the troupe includes many young female dancers who bring fresh energy and grace to the vigorous routines. During major festivals such as the Spring Festival and Dragon Boat Festival, their performances draw crowds of locals and tourists alike, turning the ancient market into a lively hub of cultural celebration that connects visitors with Guangdong’s centuries-old folk heritage.

中文

深圳另一项令人振奋的文化传统是英歌舞 —— 这是一种源自广东的民间艺术，风格刚劲豪迈、气势磅礴，被誉为 “中华战舞”。在观澜古墟，碉楼英歌队将这项传统艺术与当地的客家碉楼（一种承载着防御历史的建筑符号）相结合，形成了独特的文化融合。表演者头戴绘有《水浒传》英雄人物的生动脸谱，手持英歌棒，随着震天的鼓点整齐挥舞，展现出翻筋斗、变队形等特技动作，处处彰显着忠义与勇气的精神内核。这支队伍打破了英歌舞 “传男不传女” 的传统限制，吸纳了众多年轻女舞者，为刚健有力的舞姿注入了清新活力与柔美气质。在春节、端午节等重大节庆期间，他们的表演总能吸引大批本地市民和游客驻足观看，让古老的墟市变成热闹的文化庆典现场，让人们得以亲近广东数百年的民俗遗产。

English

To truly understand Shenzhen’s deep historical roots, a visit to the Shenzhen Museum’s Hakka Culture Exhibition is indispensable. The exhibition vividly showcases the history of the Hakka people, who began migrating to the Lingnan region over 400 years ago and settled in areas like Longgang, Huizhou, and Dapeng in what is now Shenzhen. It highlights how the Hakka community built a unique lifestyle adapted to their new homeland, including distinctive architecture like tulou (enclosed earthen buildings) and diaolou (watchtowers) for defense and communal living. Exhibits range from ancient farm tools and handwoven textiles to traditional costumes, ritual vessels, and detailed models of Hakka villages, offering insights into the community’s resilience, frugality, and strong family values. One notable display is a replica of a Hakka ancestral hall, complete with wooden carvings and memorial tablets, illustrating the importance of ancestry and tradition in Hakka culture. This exhibition proves that Shenzhen is not just a modern metropolis but also a guardian of ancient ethnic heritage, preserving the stories and customs of one of China’s most influential migrant groups.

中文

想要真正了解深圳深厚的历史底蕴，深圳博物馆的客家文化展览不容错过。展览生动展现了客家人的迁徙与发展历史 —— 四百多年前，客家人开始向岭南地区迁徙，最终在如今深圳的龙岗、惠州、大鹏等地定居。展览重点呈现了客家人如何适应新家园，构建起独特的生活方式，包括用于防御和聚居的围龙屋、碉楼等特色建筑。展品涵盖了古老的农具、手工纺织品、传统服饰、祭祀礼器以及精致的客家村落模型，让观众得以深入了解客家人坚韧不拔、勤俭节约、重视家族伦理的精神特质。其中一处引人注目的展品是客家祠堂的复制品，配有精美的木雕和祖宗牌位，直观展现了祖先崇拜与传统在客家文化中的核心地位。这场展览有力证明，深圳不仅是一座现代化大都市，更是古老民族遗产的守护者，完好保存着这一极具影响力的迁徙族群的故事与习俗。

English

Historical sites like Nantou Ancient City and Dapeng Fortress further solidify Shenzhen’s status as a cultural oasis. With a history spanning over 1,700 years, Nantou Ancient City was once the political, military, and cultural center of southern Guangdong during the Tang, Song, Ming, and Qing dynasties. Today, it seamlessly blends the old and the new: ancient stone streets wind past well-preserved courtyard houses, ancestral halls, and city walls, while trendy cafes, independent bookstores, and art galleries occupy renovated heritage buildings. The city’s iconic South Gate, built during the Ming Dynasty, still stands tall as a reminder of its strategic importance in defending the coastal region. Meanwhile, Dapeng Fortress, constructed in 1394 during the Ming Dynasty to fend off coastal pirates, is one of China’s best-preserved military fortresses and the origin of Shenzhen’s nickname "Pengcheng" (City of the Roc). Within its thick stone walls lie ancient barracks, command posts, and civilian residences, as well as the Dapeng Folk Song Hall, which showcases the provincial intangible cultural heritage of Dapeng Folk Songs—lyrical ballads that tell stories of the fortress’s history and the daily lives of its inhabitants. Both sites offer a glimpse into Shenzhen’s rich past, proving that its rapid modernization has not erased its historical legacy.

中文

南头古城和大鹏所城等历史遗迹进一步巩固了深圳 “文化绿洲” 的地位。拥有 1700 多年历史的南头古城，在唐、宋、明、清时期曾是岭南地区的政治、军事与文化中心。如今，这里实现了古今的完美交融：古老的石板路蜿蜒穿过保存完好的院落民居、祠堂和城墙，而潮流咖啡馆、独立书店和艺术画廊则入驻了翻新后的历史建筑。明代修建的古城南门依然巍峨矗立，见证着它当年防御海疆的战略重要性。与此同时，始建于 1394 年明代的大鹏所城，是中国保存最完好的军事堡垒之一，也是深圳 “鹏城” 别称的由来。在厚重的石墙之内，分布着古老的营房、指挥署、民居，还有专门展示省级非物质文化遗产 “大鹏山歌” 的展馆 —— 这些抒情民谣传唱着所城的历史与居民的日常生活。这两处遗迹都让人们得以窥见深圳丰富的过往，证明其快速的现代化进程并未抹去珍贵的历史遗产。

English

Shenzhen’s culture is also deliciously embodied in its local cuisine, which tells stories of migration, innovation, and regional heritage. The most iconic dish is Guangming Roast Pigeon, one of the "Three Treasures of Guangming" and hailed as "the best pigeon under heaven" for its crispy skin, tender meat, and juicy texture . This culinary legend has a history closely tied to Shenzhen’s reform and opening-up: in 1983, Guangming Guest House, originally a staff canteen for Guangming Farm, began serving this dish to the public after the farm established a large-scale pigeon-raising base with Hong Kong investors . Using specially bred "Dabao Royal Pigeons" (descendants of American pigeons adapted to local conditions) aged 25-28 days and weighing 500-600g, the pigeons are marinated in a secret broth of over 20 Chinese medicinal herbs like licorice and cinnamon, then deep-fried in peanut oil at precise temperatures to lock in moisture . Today, Guangming Guest House sells over 2 million roast pigeons annually, and the dish has become a symbol of Shenzhen’s pioneering spirit—transforming from a simple canteen meal to a city-wide culinary landmark .

Another local delicacy is Shajing Oyster, known as "milk of the sea" for its rich protein content and tender, sweet flesh . With a 200-year history, Shajing Oysters thrive in the brackish waters where the Pearl River meets the sea, feeding on plankton that give them their unique flavor . The tradition of oyster farming here began accidentally: in the early 19th century, fishermen discovered large, fat oysters growing on sunken pottery from a shipwreck, leading them to develop a unique "hanging culture" method using stones and tiles . Today, Shajing Oysters are enjoyed in diverse ways—grilled with garlic and chili, steamed with ginger, or made into oyster cakes—and have even spawned cultural traditions like oyster shell wall-building and harvest rituals .

Shenzhen’s Cheung Fun (rice noodle rolls) reflects the city’s inclusive spirit. While rooted in Cantonese cuisine, Shenzhen’s Cheung Fun has evolved to cater to its immigrant population: Yantian’s "Cheung Fun Street" is famous for over 20 creative varieties, including ones stuffed with oysters, shrimp, and dried scallops . Local shops like Demi Cheung Fun 坚持 using freshly ground rice milk for their silky, translucent wrappers, which are steamed to perfection and drizzled with house-made soy sauce or spicy chili oil . For many Shenzheners, a bowl of Cheung Fun—whether classic or innovative—is more than just breakfast; it’s a taste of the city’s ability to blend tradition with creativity.

中文

深圳的文化也鲜活地体现在本地美食中，每一道佳肴都诉说着迁徙、创新与地域传承的故事。最具代表性的当属光明乳鸽，它作为 “光明三宝” 之一，以皮酥、肉嫩、多汁的特质被誉为 “天下第一鸽” 。这道美食传奇与深圳的改革开放史紧密相连：1983 年，原本是光明农场内部食堂的光明招待所，在农场与香港投资者合作建立大型养鸽基地后，开始向公众推出这道菜品 。食材选用经过风土驯化的 “大宝皇鸽”（美国落地皇鸽的改良品种），严格挑选 25-28 天龄、体重 500-600 克的乳鸽，先用甘草、桂皮等 20 多种中药材调制的秘制老卤腌制，再以精准控温的花生油炸制，锁住肉质的鲜嫩汁水 。如今，光明招待所每年卖出的乳鸽超 200 万只，这道菜品已成为深圳开拓精神的象征 —— 从简单的食堂菜，蜕变为风靡全城的美食地标 。

另一道本地特色美食是沙井生蚝，因其富含蛋白质、肉质细嫩鲜甜，被誉为 “海底牛奶” 。沙井生蚝有着 200 年的养殖历史，得益于珠江口咸淡水交汇处的独特环境，这里的生蚝以浮游生物为食，风味格外独特 。当地养蚝业的起源颇具传奇色彩：19 世纪初，渔民在沙井附近海底打捞起沉船的陶片，发现上面长满了又肥又大的生蚝，于是便发明了用石头、瓦片吊养的独特方式 。如今，沙井生蚝的吃法多种多样 —— 烤生蚝配蒜蓉辣椒、清蒸生蚝佐姜丝、煎制蚝饼等，还衍生出蚝壳砌墙、丰收祭祀等相关民俗 。

深圳肠粉则彰显了城市的包容精神。虽然植根于广式饮食文化，但深圳肠粉为适应移民人口的口味不断创新：盐田 “肠粉一条街” 以 20 多种创意口味闻名，既有生蚝肠粉、虾仁肠粉，还有瑶柱肠粉等海味品种 。像 “得米肠粉” 这样的本地老店，坚持用新鲜现磨的米浆制作肠粉皮，口感细腻透光，蒸制后淋上秘制酱油或香辣辣椒油，风味十足 。对于许多深圳人来说，一碗肠粉 —— 无论经典还是创新口味 —— 都不只是一顿早餐，更是这座城市将传统与创意完美融合的味觉体现。

English

Shenzhen’s modern cultural development is equally impressive, complementing its traditional heritage with dynamic, inclusive initiatives. The annual Shenzhen Reading Month, launched in 1996, has grown into one of China’s largest public cultural events, attracting millions of participants with activities like book fairs, author lectures, and community reading sessions. The city’s library system is equally renowned: the Shenzhen Library, with its iconic modern architecture and over 10 million volumes, offers 24-hour services and digital resources accessible to all, while community libraries and mobile library trucks bring books to every neighborhood. Beyond reading, Shenzhen boasts over 65 museums covering art, history, science, and folk culture, as well as tens of thousands of cultural events annually—from international art biennales to local folk art performances. This commitment to cultural development reflects Shenzhen’s belief that a young city can build a rich cultural identity by honoring its past, embracing diversity, and fostering innovation. As Shenzhen continues to grow, it stands as a powerful counterexample to the "cultural desert" myth, proving that culture can thrive in a city defined by progress.

中文

深圳的现代文化发展同样令人瞩目，以充满活力、包容开放的举措为传统遗产注入新的生命力。始于 1996 年的深圳读书月，如今已成为中国规模最大的公共文化活动之一，每年通过书展、作家讲座、社区读书分享等活动，吸引数百万市民参与。城市的图书馆体系也享誉全国：深圳图书馆以标志性的现代建筑风格和超过 1000 万册的藏书量为特色，提供 24 小时开放服务和数字化资源，社区图书馆与流动图书车更将书籍送到城市的每个角落。除了阅读文化，深圳还拥有 65 家以上的博物馆，涵盖艺术、历史、科技、民俗等多个领域，每年举办上万场文化活动—— 从国际艺术双年展到本土民俗表演，精彩纷呈。对文化发展的重视，体现了深圳的城市信念：一座年轻的城市可以通过尊重历史、包容多元、鼓励创新，构建起深厚的文化认同。随着深圳的持续发展，它已然成为 “文化沙漠” 谬论的有力反驳，证明文化可以在一座以进步为标签的城市中蓬勃生长。